ʻO nā pīkī luʻu, nā lālā o ka ʻohana Dytiscidae, he mau ʻiniko wai hoihoi i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou ʻano predatory a me ka ʻai.Loaʻa i kēia poʻe hahai holoholona maoli nā hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa e hoʻoikaika nui ai i ka hopu ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou mea pio inā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou.
ʻO ia ke kumu o ko lākou noho ʻana i loko o kahi aquarium, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpae, hiki a alakaʻi i nā pilikia nui.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi au i nā hiʻohiʻona kino, nā makemake meaʻai, ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ola, a me nā koi o ka noho ʻana o nā pipi Luʻu a me kā lākou mau larvae.E hōʻike pū aku nō wau i nā pilikia a me nā noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā pipi luʻu i loko o nā aquarium, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pōʻaiapili kahi e hoʻopilikia ai lākou i ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpae.
Etymology o Dytiscidae
Ua loaʻa ka inoa ʻohana "Dytiscidae" mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene "dytikos," ʻo ia hoʻi "hiki ke ʻau" a i ʻole "pili i ka luʻu."Hōʻike pololei kēia inoa i ke ʻano wai a me ka hiki ke ʻauʻau ʻana o nā pipi o kēia ʻohana.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka inoa ʻo "Dytiscidae" e ka mea entomologist Farani ʻo Pierre André Latreille i ka makahiki 1802 i kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻohana.Kaulana ʻo Latreille no kāna mau haʻawina koʻikoʻi i ke kahua o ka entomology a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka taxonomy insect hou.
No ko lākou inoa maʻamau ʻo "Diving beetles", ua loaʻa kēia inoa iā lākou ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke luʻu a ʻauʻau i ka wai.
Moʻolelo Evolutionary of Diving Beetles
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pipi luʻu i ka Mesozoic Era (ma kahi o 252.2 miliona mau makahiki i hala).
I ka wā lōʻihi, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano like ʻole, ka hopena i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole me nā ʻano kino like ʻole, ka nui, a me nā makemake kaiaola.
ʻO kēia kaʻina hoʻololi i ʻae i ka Diving beetles e noho i nā wahi noho wai maʻemaʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a lilo i poʻe ʻaihue wai kūleʻa.
Taxonomy of Luʻu Nani
ʻO ka helu kikoʻī o nā ʻano mea e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻana no ka mea ke ʻike mau ʻia a hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano mea hou.
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 4,200 mau ʻano o nā pipi Diving a puni ka honua.
Ka laha a me ka noho ana o na nalo luu
Loaʻa ka laha ʻana o nā pipi luʻu.ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau pipi ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica.
Noho maʻamau ka nalo wai i nā kino wai paʻa (e like me nā loko, nā mānoanoa, nā loko, a me nā muliwai e neʻe mālie ana), makemake lākou i nā kahawai hohonu me ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā heluna holoholona waiwai e hiki ke hāʻawi iā lākou i ka lako meaʻai.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā nalo luʻu
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano kino o nā pipi Diving i ko lākou ʻano ola wai a me nā ʻano predatory.
Kino Kino: He ʻano kino lōʻihi, palahalaha, a hydrodynamic ka luʻu ʻana, e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe pono i ka wai.
Nui: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā pipi luʻu ma muli o ke ʻano.Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano nui ke piʻi i ka 1.5 iniha (4 knm) ka lōʻihi.
Ka waihoʻoluʻu: He ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha nā kino o ka pipi luʻu a hiki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ke keleawe.Kōkua ka waihoʻoluʻu iā lākou e hoʻohui i ko lākou kaiaola.
ʻO ke poʻo: ʻO ke poʻo o ka pipi luʻu he ʻano nui a hoʻomohala maikaʻi.Kūlana nui nā maka a hāʻawi i ka ʻike maikaʻi ma luna a ma lalo o ka ʻili wai.Loaʻa iā lākou nā antennae lōʻihi, slender, maʻamau i ʻāpana, a lākou e hoʻohana ai no nā kumu ʻike (ʻike i nā haʻalulu i ka wai).
ʻEheu: He ʻelua mau ʻēheu ko ka luʻu pipi.I ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka naʻau, ua pelu ʻia nā ʻēheu i ko lākou kino.Hiki iā lākou ke lele a hoʻohana i ko lākou mau ʻēheu e hoʻopuehu a loaʻa i kahi noho hou.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻēheu mua i mau uhi paʻa paʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo elytra, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻēheu palupalu a me ke kino ke lele ʻole ka pipi.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka elytra a i ʻole ke kua, e hoʻohui ana i ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka beetle.
Nā wāwae: He 6 mau wāwae o ka pipi luʻu.Hoʻohana ʻia nā wāwae mua a me waena no ka hopu pio ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ko lākou kaiapuni.Hoʻololi ʻia nā wāwae hope i mea palahalaha, e like me ka hoe i kapa ʻia ʻo nā wāwae oar-like a i ʻole nā wāwae ʻauʻau.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau wāwae me ka lauoho a i ʻole ka huluhulu e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pipi i loko o ka wai me ka maʻalahi.
Me nā wāwae hoe ʻano maikaʻi, ʻauʻau ka pipi me ka wikiwiki e hiki ai ke hoʻokūkū me ka iʻa.
ʻOpu: ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka pipi luʻu he lōʻihi a ʻeke pinepine i ka hope.Aia kekahi mau ʻāpana a hale i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi e like me ka digestive, reproductive, a me nā ʻōnaehana hanu.
Nā ʻano hana hanu.He mau spiracles ko ka luʻu pīkoi, he mau puka liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka ʻōpū.Hāʻawi nā spiracle iā lākou e unuhi i ka oxygen mai ka lewa, kahi a lākou e mālama ai ma lalo o kā lākou elytra a hoʻohana no ka hanu ʻana i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ka moʻolelo o nā nalo luʻu- nā monsters i loko o nā pahu ʻōpae a me nā iʻa - Nā ʻano hana hanu ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana ma lalo o ka wai, hopu nā pōpoki luʻu i kahi ohu o ka ea ma lalo o kā lākou elytra.Ke hana nei kēia ʻōhū ea ma ke ʻano he mea hydrostatic a me kahi hāʻawi oxygen no ka manawa pōkole, e ʻae iā lākou e noho i lalo o ka wai no 10 - 15 mau minuke.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻolōʻihi lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae hope e wāwahi i ka ʻili o ka wai, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a loaʻa i kahi hū hou no ka luʻu hou.
Ke Kaʻina Ola o nā Nalo Luʻu
ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ola o nā pipi luʻu he 4 mau ʻanuʻu ʻokoʻa: hua manu, larva, pupa, a me ke kanaka makua.
1. Egg Stage: Ma hope o ka male ʻana, waiho nā ʻōpala luʻu wahine i kā lākou mau hua ma luna a ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu wai, nā ʻōpala i lalo, a i ʻole ma ka lepo kokoke i ka lihi o ka wai.
Ma muli o nā ʻano a me nā kūlana kaiapuni, ʻo ka manawa incubation maʻamau mai 7 - 30 mau lā.
2. ʻĀpana larval: I ka wā i ʻō ai nā hua, e puka mai ana nā ʻōniu luʻu luʻu.He wai nā ʻōhua a ulu i loko o ka wai.
Ka moʻolelo o nā nalo luʻu- nā monsters i loko o nā pahu ʻōpae a me nā iʻa - nā larvae luʻu ʻana i nā nalo luʻu i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "Water tigers" ma muli o ko lākou helehelena huhū a me ke ʻano predatory.
He mau kino elongated ko lakou.He ʻeono mau maka liʻiliʻi o ke poʻo palahalaha ma kēlā ʻaoʻao a me kēia ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻāwae nui nui ʻole ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.E like me ka pīkī makua, hanu ka ʻōnohu i ka ea lewa ma ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka hope hope o kona kino i waho o ka wai.
Ua kūlike ke ʻano o ka larva i kona ʻano: ʻo kona makemake hoʻokahi i ke ola ʻo ia ka hopu a ʻai i ka nui o ka mea pio.
Huli a ʻai nā larvae i nā mea ola wai liʻiliʻi, e ulu ana a molting i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou hele ʻana i nā pae instar like ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka pae larval no kekahi mau pule a i kekahi mau mahina, ma muli o ke ʻano a me nā kūlana kaiapuni.
3. Ka Papa Pupa: Ke oo ka elo, puka mai i ka aina, kanu ia ia iho, a oo.
I loko o kēia wā, hoʻololi nā larvae i ko lākou ʻano makua i loko o kahi pahu pale i kapa ʻia he keʻena pupal.
Hoʻomau ka pae pupal no kekahi mau lā a i ʻelua pule.
4. ʻĀpana makua: Ke pau ka hoʻololi ʻana, puka mai ka namu luʻu makua mai ke keʻena pupal a piʻi i luna o ka wai.
I kēia pae, ua hoʻomohala piha lākou i nā ʻēheu a hiki ke lele.Ua oʻo ka nalo luʻu makua a mākaukau e hana hou.
ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā pipi luʻu he mau iniseti.ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻike i nā ʻano pilikanaka paʻakikī i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau pūʻulu pepeke ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻanuʻu a me nā pi.Akā, he mau mea ola mehameha ka luʻu luʻu, e kālele ana i ko lākou ola ponoʻī a me ka hānau ʻana.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ola o nā pipi luʻu ma muli o ke ʻano a me nā kūlana kaiapuni a ma ke ʻano maʻamau mai 1 - 4 mau makahiki.
Hoʻohua hou ʻana i nā nalo luʻu
Hōʻike moʻolelo o nā nalo luʻu- ka male ʻana o nā monsters i loko o nā pahu ʻaʻa a me nā iʻa.
1. Hoalohaloha: I ka Luʻu nalo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻokamakama.
2. Copulation: I loko o nā pipi luʻu he nui, loaʻa i nā kāne nā hale hopu kūikawā (nā kīʻaha hoʻoheheʻe) ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili i ke kua o nā wahine i ka wā o ka male ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I kekahi manawa hiki i nā kāne ke makemake nui e hoʻopā me nā wahine, a hiki i nā wahine ke make no ka mea noho nā kāne ma luna a loaʻa i ka oxygen aʻo ka wahine ʻaʻole.
3. Ka hoʻohua.Hoʻoili ke kāne i ka sperm i ka wahine ma o ka ʻōpū hānau i kapa ʻia ʻo aedeagus.Mālama ka wahine i ka sperm no ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma hope.
4. Oviposition: Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻopili maʻamau ka pipi luʻu wahine iā lākou i nā mea kanu i lalo a waiho i kā lākou mau hua i loko o nā ʻiʻo o nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka wai ma ke ʻoki ʻana iā lākou me kā lākou ovipositor.Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaha melemele liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻiʻo mea kanu.
Ma ka awelika, hiki i nā pipi luʻu wahine ke waiho ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe mai kahi mau kakini a hiki i nā haneli mau hua i ka wā hānau.ʻO nā hua he elongated a ʻano nui ka nui (a hiki i ka 0.2 iniha a i ʻole 7 mm).
He aha ka ʻai ʻana o ka nalo luʻu?
Ka moʻolelo o nā nalo luʻu- nā monsters i loko o nā ʻōpae a me nā iʻa - ʻai i nā rana, nā iʻa a me nā mea hou ʻO nā nalo luʻu he mau mea ʻai ʻai ʻai nui i nā ʻano mea ola wai e like me:
nā pepeke liʻiliʻi,
nā ʻuo pepeke (e like me nā ʻōpuʻu dragonfly, a i ʻole nā ʻuo pipi luʻu),
ilo,
snails,
nā ʻuʻu,
nā crustacean liʻiliʻi,
iʻa liʻiliʻi,
a me nā amphibian liʻiliʻi (newts, frogs, etc.).
Ua ʻike ʻia lākou e hōʻike i kekahi ʻano scavenging, e hānai ana i ka mea palaho a i ʻole ka carrion.I ka wā ʻuʻuku o ka meaʻai, e hōʻike pū lākou i ka ʻano cannibalistic.E ʻai nā pīkī nui i nā kānaka liʻiliʻi.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nā meaʻai kikoʻī o ka Diving beetles ma muli o ke ʻano a me ko lākou nui.Ma nā ʻano ʻano āpau, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka nui o nā mea pio e pili ana i ka nui o ko lākou kino.
ʻIke ʻia kēia mau pipi no ko lākou ʻai ʻana a me ko lākou hiki ke hopu i nā mea pio ma ka ʻili o ka wai a ma lalo o ka wai.He poʻe hahai holoholona lākou, e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou ʻike maka a me nā mākau ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa e hahai a hopu i kā lākou pio.
He poʻe hahai holoholona ka luʻu pipi.Hōʻike maʻamau lākou i kahi ʻano predatory ikaika ma o ka ʻimi ikaika ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i kā lākou mea pio ma mua o ke kali ʻana e hiki mai iā lākou.
He poʻe akamai loa kēia mau pīkoi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka wai.
ʻO ko lākou hiki ke ʻauʻau wikiwiki a hoʻololi i ke ala wikiwiki e hiki ai iā lākou ke alualu ikaika i lalo a hopu i kā lākou mea pio me ka pololei.
He aha ka ʻai ʻana o nā ʻuala luʻu?
ʻO nā ʻupena pipi luʻu he mau mea ʻai meaʻai.Ua ʻike ʻia lākou no kā lākou ʻano hana hānai koʻikoʻi pū kekahi.
ʻOiai he ʻai ākea kā lākou a hiki ke ʻai i nā ʻano mea ʻai he nui, makemake lākou i nā ilo, nā lee, nā tadpoles, a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ʻole nā exoskeletons ikaika.
ʻO kēia ma muli o ko lākou ʻano anatomical.Paʻa pinepine ka waha o nā ʻōniu luʻu luʻu a hoʻohana i nā ʻauwaʻa i loko o ko lākou mau lima nui (like-sickle) e hoʻokomo i nā enzyme digestive i loko o ka mea pio.Hoʻopau koke nā enzyme a pepehi i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
No laila, i ka wā e hānai ai, ʻaʻole ʻai ka ʻiʻo i kāna ʻai, akā ʻo ia ka wai.ʻO kona ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea omo, e hōʻike ana i kahi awāwa hohonu ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko, kahi e hoʻokahe ai i ka meaʻai wai i loko o ka ʻōpū.
ʻAʻole like me ko lākou makua, ʻo Diving beetle larvae he poʻe hahai holoholona a hilinaʻi i ka ʻaihue.He ʻike maikaʻi ko lākou a maʻalahi i ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai.
I ka ʻike ʻana o ka namu luʻu i ka mea pio, e holo ʻo ia i laila e hopu iā ia me kāna mau manamana lima nui.
He palekana anei ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pīkopa luʻu a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻuala i loko o nā pahu ʻōpae a i ʻole nā iʻa?
pahu ʻōpae.ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole loa e palekana ka loaʻa ʻana o nā namu luʻu a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻōhua i loko o nā pahu ʻōpae.Kau.
E pilikia loa a pilikia no ka ʻōpae.ʻO nā ʻōpae luʻu he mau mea ʻaihue maoli a ʻike lākou i nā ʻōpae a me nā ʻōpae makua i mea pio.
He mau auwae ikaika ko keia mau kupua wai a hiki ke wawahi i ka opae i loko o kekona kekona.No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama pū i nā pipi luʻu a me nā ʻōpae i loko o ka pahu hoʻokahi.
pahu iʻa.Hiki i ka nalo luʻu a me kā lākou mau ʻōhua ke hoʻouka i nā iʻa nui.Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, pāʻani koʻikoʻi nā pīkopa makua a me nā ʻōnohu i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka heluna iʻa ma o ka ʻai ʻana i nā palai iʻa like ʻole.
No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi pahu iʻa hiki ke lilo i mea kūʻē.Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa iā ʻoe nā iʻa nui a ʻaʻole e hānai iā lākou.
Pehea e komo ai ka Luʻu Beetles i loko o nā Aquariums?
Hiki i nā pipi luʻu ke komo i loko o ka aquarium ma 2 mau ala nui:
ʻAʻohe poʻi: Hiki i nā pipi luʻu ke lele maikaʻi loa.No laila, inā ʻaʻole i pani ʻia kāu mau puka makani a ʻaʻole uhi ʻia kāu aquarium, lele wale lākou i loko o ka pahu mai ke kaiapuni a puni.
Nā mea kanu wai: Hiki i ka luʻu ʻana i nā hua manu pipi ke hele i loko o kāu aquarium ma nā mea kanu wai.I ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kanu hou a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani i kāu pahu, e nānā pono a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou no nā hōʻailona o nā parasites.
Pehea e hoʻopau ai iā lākou i loko o ka Aquarium?
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole nui nā ala kūpono.He mau holoholona paʻakikī ka luʻu ʻana a me kā lākou mau larvae a hiki ke ʻae i nā lāʻau āpau.
Lawe lima: E nānā pono i ka aquarium a wehe lima lima i nā pipi luʻu me ka ʻupena iʻa.
Pahele: Luʻu nā pīkoi e like me ka ʻiʻo.E kau i kahi kīʻaha pāpaʻu me kahi kumu māmā ma kahi o ka ʻili wai i ka pō.Ua huki ʻia nā pīkī i ka mālamalama a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka pā, e maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana iā lākou.
Iʻa predatory: Hoʻolauna i nā iʻa ʻaihue e ʻai maoli ana i nā inike.Eia nō naʻe, ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau monsters wai ma ʻaneʻi.
I ka pilikia, hoʻokuʻu ʻo Diving beetles i kahi wai keʻokeʻo (e like me ka waiū) mai lalo o ko lākou pā umauma.Loaʻa nā waiwai corrosive o kēia wai.ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole ʻono nā ʻano iʻa he nui a pale aku iā lākou.
He mea make anei ka Luʻu ʻOlu a i ʻole ko lākou mau ʻōnou?
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole lākou ʻona.
ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā pipi luʻu i nā kānaka a maʻamau e pale aku i ka pilina ke ʻole lākou e manaʻo hoʻoweliweli.No laila, inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hopu iā lākou, hiki iā lākou ke pane pale me ka nahu ʻana ma ke ʻano he hana reflex.
Ma muli o ko lākou mau manamana lima ikaika, i kūpono no ke hou ʻana i nā exoskeletons o kā lākou pio, ʻeha loa kā lākou nahu ʻana.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka pehu kūloko a i ʻole ka ʻili.
Ma ka Manao
ʻO nā pipi luʻu ka nui o nā inike wai, e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka wai.Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia lākou i kahi nohona wai a he poʻe ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou.
ʻO nā pipi luʻu a me kā lākou mau ʻōhua he mau mea ʻaihue ʻino maoli.ʻO ka hahai holoholona ka hana nui o ko lākou ola.
ʻO ko lākou ʻano ʻano ʻāhuehue, i hui pū ʻia me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona anatomical kūikawā, hiki iā lākou ke alualu a hopu i nā ʻano mea ʻai like ʻole e like me ka ʻoʻo, ka palai, ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā snails.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-06-2023